Lottie Armstrong Baxter, a daughter of successful African American businessman Hobe Armstrong, was born in Muchakinock, Iowa in March 1876. When she was fifteen, she graduated from a business school and began her career with the Consolidation Coal Company, first working as a secretary for superintendent J.E. Buxton. On February 27, 1901, she married John […]
Former Confederate Officer Recruits Black Men to Work in Iowa Coal Mines in 1880
While researching how African Americans ended up being 55% of the population in Buxton, Iowa—which was established by Consolidation Coal Company—I did not expect to discover that one of the men who’d recruited African Americans to work in the company’s mines was Major Thomas Shumate, a Confederate officer. Within five to six years of establishing […]
Cory Booker Embodies a Key Principle of Buxton, Iowa: Inclusion
Senator Cory Booker included Buxton, Iowa—the integrated coal mining town of 5,000 where, in 1900, blacks and whites were treated equal—in his talks this past weekend. In his keynote speech at Friday’s Iowa Democratic Party Fall Gala, he mentioned the black and white women of Buxton who’d quilted together. “Those women knew what we must […]